United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit’s Empirical Analysis
1985
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 25 later decisions — most recently March 2019 · most notably In Re Hall (1993), Matinchek v. John Alden Life Insurance (1996)
2 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. · Bell v. Hood · Owen Equipment & Erection Co. v. Kroger · American Fire & Casualty Co. v. Finn · Mansfield Ry Co v. Swan
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 25 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(b) Plans without employees. For purposes of Title I of [ERISA] and this chapter, the term “employee benefit plan” shall not include any plan, fund or program, other than an apprenticeship or other training program, under which no employees are participants covered under the plan as defined in paragraph (d) of this section. For example, a so-called “Keogh” or “H.R. 10” plan under which only partners or only a sole proprietor are participants covered under the plan will not be covered under Title I. However, a Keogh plan under which one or more common law employees, in addition to the self-employed individuals are participants covered under the plan, will be covered under Title I.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[a] self-employed individual[,] ... unlike a worker employed by another, has complete control over the amount, investment and form of the fund created by him ....”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(i) provides retirement income to employees, or (ii) results in a deferral of income by employees for periods extending to the termination of covered employment or beyond ...”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. In Re Pruner · In Re Witwer
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.