Boyd v. State’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

17 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 17 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “[T]he State's application of the Richardson test is overbroad. The statutory elements and actual evidence tests are designed to assist courts in determining whether two separate chargeable crimes amount to the "same offense" for double jeopardy purposes. - The continuous crime doctrine does not seek to reconcile the double jeopardy implications of two distinct chargeable crimes; rather, it defines those instances where a defendant's conduct amounts only to a single chargeable crime. In doing so, the continuous crime doctrine prevents the state from charging a defendant twice for the same continuous offense.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. Walker v. State · Cesar Chavez v. State of Indiana

2. “two or more offenses are the 'same offense' in violation of Article I, Section 14 of the Indiana Constitution, if, with respect to either the statutory elements of the challenged crimes or the actual evidence used to convict, the essential elements of one challenged offense also establish the essential elements of another challenged offense.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. Walker v. State · Michael A. Johnston, Jr. v. State of Indiana

3. “A confinement ends when the victim both feels free and is, in fact, free from detention, and a separate confinement begins if and when detention of the victim is re-established.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Michael P. Penrod v. State of Indiana