Whiting v. Kirk’s Empirical Analysis
1991
Citation profile
2
cited by 2 later decisions
March 1992
most recently cited
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Malley v. Briggs · Losch v. Borough of Parkesburg · Coleman v. Frantz · Hall v. Ochs
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 2 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“defendants should have looked for the indicia of a lawful arrest ... or a document indicating judicial authorization for the arrest.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Whiting v. Kirk“a reasonable police officer would know that some type of judicial review was required.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Whiting v. Kirk“was signed only by a clerk and evidenced no authorization by a judge”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Whiting v. Kirk
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.