Clash v. Beatty’s Empirical Analysis
77 F.3d 1045 · 1996
Citation profile
47 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 109 later decisions — most recently December 2024 · most notably Payne v. Pauley (2003), Willie Jacobs and Linda Siller v. City of Chicago (2000)
47 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Cohen v. Beneficial Industrial Loan Corp. · Graham v. Connor · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Johnson v. Jones
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 109 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) point[ ] to a closely analogous case that established a right to be free from the type of force the police officers used on him, or (2) show[ ] that the force was so plainly excessive that, as an objective matter, the police officers would have been on notice that they were violating the Fourth Amendment.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the facts and circumstances of each particular case, including the severity of the crime at issue, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others, and whether he is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“police officers do not have the right to shove, push, or otherwise assault innocent citizens without any provocation whatsoever.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.