¶1delivered the opinion of the Court:
¶2This was an action of assumpsit, in the Menard circuit court, by appellee against appellants, to recover of the latter, as bankers, a balance of an amount deposited by appellee with them.
¶3Upon the trial, on general issue pleaded, the plaintiff gave in evidence a mere written memorandum, showing the several amounts deposited with defendants, as bankers. There was no evidence of any demand. The plaintiff recovered. The defendants tendered a bill of exceptions, showing that the above was all the evidence, and appealed to this court.
¶4The paper introduced in evidence showed merely the fact that defendants were bankers, a deposit with them by plaintiff, and the amount thereof. It was prima facie a general deposit. A deposit is general unless the depositor makes it special, or deposits it expressly in some particular capacity. Keene v. Collier, 1 Metc. (Ky.) 415; In the matter of Franklin Bank, 1 Paige, 249.
¶5This, then, upon plaintiff’s own showing, was the ordinary case of a deposit of money with bankers, and there was an implied undertaking on their part to restore, not the same funds, but an equivalent sum, whenever it should be demanded. Story on Bailments, sec. 88; Marine Bank v. Rushmore, 28 Ill. 463; Boyden v. Bank of Cape Fear, 65 N. C. 13.
¶6Unless circumstances are shown which amount to a legal excuse, a previous demand by the depositor, or some other person by his order, is indispensable to the maintenance of an action for such deposit. Morse on Banking, 29; Downes v. Phœnix Bank of Charlestown, 6 Hill, 297; Johnson v. Farmers’ Bank, 1 Harr. (Del.) 117; Farmers’ Bank v. Planters’ Bank, 10 Gill & J. 422; Watson v. Phœnix Bank, 8 Metc. (Mass) 217; Girard Bank v. Bank of Penn Township, 39 Penn. St. 92; McEwen v. Davis, 39 Ind. 109.
¶7The plaintiff failed to show a cause of action, and the court therefore erred in denying the motion for a new trial, and giving judgment upon the verdict, wherefore the judgment must be reversed and the cause remanded.
¶8Judgment reversed.