United States v. Howard’s Empirical Analysis
770 F.2d 57 · 1985
Citation profile
35 federal appellate · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 50 later decisions — most recently December 2020 · most notably United States v. Frost (1997), United States v. Martinez (2005)
35 federal appellate · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Hoffa v. United States · Krulewitch v. United States · Grunewald v. United States · Harris v. McRae · United States v. Vinson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 50 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[i]n conspiracies where a main objective has not been attained or abandoned and concealment is essential to success of that objective, attempts to conceal the conspiracy are made in furtherance of the conspiracy.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“an agreement to conceal a completed crime does not extend the life of a conspiracy.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the notion that after the central objectives of a criminal conspiracy have succeeded or failed, a subsidiary phase of the conspiracy, which has the conspiracy's concealment as its sole objective, always survives.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.