Grimes v. Smith’s Empirical Analysis
776 F.2d 1359 · 1985
Citation profile
48 federal appellate · 5 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 101 later decisions — most recently December 2017 · most notably Aulson v. Blanchard (1996), Dwares v. City of New York (1993)
48 federal appellate · 5 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1985
Relies on Griffin v. Breckenridge · Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Co. · Blum v. Yaretsky · Tenney v. Brandhove · Snowden v. Hughes
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 101 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““Although we have examined with some care the legislative history that has been marshaled in support of the position that Congress meant to forbid wholly nonracial, but politically motivated conspiracies, we find difficult the question whether § 1985(3) provided a remedy for every concerted effort by one political group to nullify the influence of or do other injury to a competing group by use of otherwise unlawful means. To accede to that view would go far toward making the federal courts, by virtue of § 1985(3), the monitors of campaign tactics in both state and federal elections, a role the courts should not be quick to assume.” 463 U.S. at 836 .”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) a conspiracy (2) for the purpose of depriving, either directly or indirectly, any person or class of persons of the equal protection of the laws, or of equal privileges and immunities under the laws; and (3) an act in furtherance of the conspiracy; (4) whereby a person is either injured in his person or property or deprived of any right or privilege of a citizen of the United States.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“include conspiracies other than those motivated by a racial, class-based animus against “Negroes and their supporters.” Thus, we join the conclusion of the Fourth Circuit ... that § 1985(3) does not reach nonracial political conspiracies.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.