United States v. Collins’s Empirical Analysis
78 F.3d 1021 · 1996
Citation profile
70 federal appellate · 5 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 141 later decisions — most recently April 2025 · most notably Byrd v. Collins (2000), United States v. Francis (1999)
70 federal appellate · 5 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1951 (Hobbs Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 371
Relies on Jackson v. Virginia · Estelle v. McGuire · United States v. Young · Bibby v. United States · Dennis v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 141 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The fear need not be the product of the defendant's actions. `It is enough if the fear exists and the defendant intentionally exploits it.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“First we determine whether a prosecutor’s conduct and remarks were improper, and then we determine whether the impropriety amounts to reversible error. As to the second part of the test, we consider whether the conduct and remarks tended to mislead the jury or to prejudice the accused; whether they were isolated or extensive; whether they were deliberately or accidentally placed before the jury; and the strength of the evidence against the accused.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.