¶1 If an executor becomes insolvent after the death of the testator, or if his insolvency was unknown to the testator before his death, or if he is a non-resident, or if he applies the funds of the estate to his own use, or if he eon-verts his own property into money, notes, &c., and thereby produces a reasonable doubt in regard to the safety of the estate, or if his character and business habits shall become worse after the death of the testator and thereby such a doubt is produced, or if by his negligence the safety of the property of the estate is jeopardized; in these and like instances it is in the power and it is the duty of the Court to interfere by requiring the executor to give bond with sufficient securities, and failing in this, to remove him from his-office and appoint an administrator, or pending litigation, a receiver, to receive and guard the property. But the poverty or insolvency of the executor, we have frequently said, will not authorize the Court to remove him against the will of the testator. Fairbairn v. Fisher, 4 Jones Eq. 390, and later cases.
¶2 The plaintiff' in his affidavit alleges that he is a creditor of the estate, and that the defendant is “ wholly insolvent- and irresponsible,'’ and that if he should collect certain funds, “this affiant believes that the defendant would mis *44 .apply said money and would not pay' off tbe debt of the .affiant.”
¶3 The defendant answering says that he'received no property- ■or funds as executor, and has committed no' maladrninistration or loss, and that his condition in regard to property and •<5rédit has not been changed for the worse since the death of the testator, but that it is improved.
¶4 Assuming the truth of the plaintiff’s allegation; as if the ■defendant had demurred to it, we are then of opinion that the plaintiff is not entitled to the order asked for. ‘We have ■seen that the poverty alone of the defendant will not do, .and the latter clause of the affidavit will not do, because it .alleges only affiant’s belief without setting forth any fact -or circumstance, or any reason for his belief. This is necessary in order that the Court, standing between the parties, may see whether the plaintiff’s complaint is'well, founded •or not. Men differ widely in their opinions, — some believe' readily on slight provocation, others do not; and it is plain that the parties to this proceeding do not believe alike. Any other rule would be inconvenient. It would expose -one to the mere stated belief of another, and would not expose that other one to the pains of perjury, even if his statement was entirely untrue. The distinction is well illustrated in applications for attachments, arrest and bail, &c., in which some sufficient act accomplished must be averred, •or if mere apprehension or belief that loss or injury will ■come is the gravamen of the complaint, then the affiant i§ required to set forth facts or circumstances in support of his belief. This is our conclusion on the plaintiff’s case with-cut giving any weight to the denial of tbe defendant.
¶5 No. error.
¶6 Pek, CuRiam. Judgment affirmed.'