78 Wash. 2d 362 - State v. Todd’s Empirical Analysis
1970
Citation profile
70 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 72 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2012 · most notably California v. Ramos (1983), 37 Cal. 3d 136 - People v. Ramos (1984)
70 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Bruton v. United States · Leland v. Oregon · 60 Cal. 2d 631 - People v. Morse · Sullivan v. State of Arizona · State v. White
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 72 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[P]robable cause for arrest should be examined in the light of the arresting officer's special experience, and . . . the standard should be, not what might appear to be probable cause to a passerby, but what would be probable cause to a reasonable, cautious, and prudent officer.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage“a reasonable ground of suspicion, supported by circumstances sufficiently strong in themselves to warrant a cautious man in believing the accused to be guilty.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage“[T]he most serious vice of an instruction of this kind ... [was that it] places undue emphasis upon one factor which the jury, whether or not it should do so, is bound to take into account.... By instructing the jury concerning the possible minimum sentence which the defendant might serve, the court suggests to the jury that it should give great weight to that possibility in reaching its verdict.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.