Otto v. Heckler’s Empirical Analysis
781 F.2d 754 · 1986
Citation profile
24 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 42 later decisions — most recently July 2016 · most notably Schneider v. TRW, Inc. (1991), Hinton v. Pacific Enterprises (1993)
24 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 717 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on United Mine Workers of America v. Gibbs · Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics · Paul v. Davis · Griswold v. State of Connecticut · Butz v. Economou
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 42 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The district court, of course, has the discretion to determine whether its investment of judicial energy justifies retention of jurisdiction, or if it should more properly dismiss the claims without prejudice.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[T]orts which constitute highly personal violations beyond the meaning of 'discrimination' are separately actionable.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“the exclusive judicial remedy for claims of discrimination in federal employment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.