Smith v. Ray’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

8 federal appellate ·

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 34 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “the severity of the crime at issue, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others, and whether he is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight.”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. E.W. v. Dolgos · Hupp v. State Trooper Seth Cook

2. “To properly consider the reasonableness of the force employed we must 'view it in full context, with an eye toward the proportionality of the force in light of all the circumstances.'”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. E.W. v. Dolgos · E.W. v. Rosemary Dolgos

3. “requires a careful balancing of the nature and quality of the intrusion on the individual's Fourth Amendment interests against the countervailing governmental interests at stake.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. E.W. v. Dolgos · E.W. v. Rosemary Dolgos