United States v. Shaffer’s Empirical Analysis
789 F.2d 682 · 1986
Citation profile
94 federal appellate · 4 district · 15 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 153 later decisions — most recently August 2025 · most notably Sanchez v. United States (1995), State v. Iacona (2001)
94 federal appellate · 4 district · 15 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 3731 · 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Brady v. State of Maryland · United States v. Bagley · United States v. Agurs · Giglio v. United States · Hill v. United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners, Local 25
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 153 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The government contends that, because there was no explicit agreement on this matter, it had nothing to disclose.... Apparently the government misunderstands the district court’s ruling. While it is clear that an explicit agreement would have to be disclosed because of its effect on [the witness’] credibility, it is equally clear that facts which imply an agreement would also bear on [the witness’] credibility and would have to be disclosed.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[We find that] the jury's assessment of Durand's credibility was crucial to the outcome of the trial.... Consequently, we must determine whether the district court correctly held that the newly discovered evidence, if used at trial, would have discredited Durand.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a constitutional error occurs, and the conviction must be reversed, only if the evidence is material in the sense that its suppression undermines confidence in the outcome of the trial.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.