United States v. Pendegraph’s Empirical Analysis
791 F.2d 1462 · 1986
Citation profile
14 federal appellate · 1 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 21 later decisions — most recently November 2013
14 federal appellate · 1 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Relies on Bruton v. United States · United States v. Satterfield · United States v. Burke · Posey v. United States · United States v. Garrett
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 21 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“a redacted confession may still violate the Bruton rule if the statement compels a directly inculpating inference”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“In light of the other evidence presented by the Government, . . . the jury could very easily infer Pendegraph to be the 'individual' referred to in Mickel's confession, if only because there was no other possibility.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“the admission of a nontestifying defendant's statement in a joint trial, implicating a co-defendant, violated the Confrontation Clause.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.