United States v. Lowe’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

9 federal appellate · 2 district · 4 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 30 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “[o]fficers proceeding on the basis of an anonymous tip that does not itself give rise to reasonable * suspicion have many tools at their disposal to gather additional evidence that could satisfy the requirements of Terry and therefore allow police to stop the individual ... [including] investigation, surveillance, and even approaching the suspect without a show of authority to pose questions and to make observations about the suspect's conduct and demeanor”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
   e.g. United States v. Harger · State v. Davis

2. “stayed put” when the officers confronted him. Id. at 433 . "At that point, the record does not reflect that he made any threatening gesture or moved his hands or arms in any way, much less that he reached for a weapon or otherwise acted to rebuff the officers' authority.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
   e.g. United States v. Michael Waller

3. “[W]hat may amount to submission depends on what a person was doing before the show of authority: a fleeing man is not seized until he is physically overpowered, but one sitting in a chair may submit to authority by not getting up to run away.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
   e.g. State v. Roby