United States v. Bernard S.’s Empirical Analysis
795 F.2d 749 · 1986
Citation profile
72 federal appellate · 8 district · 9 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 120 later decisions — most recently December 2019 · most notably United States v. Wallace (1988), United States v. Patterson (1987)
72 federal appellate · 8 district · 9 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 113
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Johnson v. Zerbst · Delaware v. Van Arsdall · Ohio v. Roberts · California v. Green
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 120 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Whether there has been a valid waiver depends on the totality of the circumstances, including the background, experience, and conduct of defendant.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) the importance of the evidence to the prosecution's [sic] case; (2) whether the evidence was cumulative; (3) the presence of corroborating evidence; (4) the overall strength of the prosecution's case.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“must be voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently made.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.