France v. Johnson’s Empirical Analysis
795 F.3d 1170 · 2015
Citation profile
1 federal appellate · 3 district ·
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 623 (§ 4 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967)
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Thurston · Desert Palace, Inc. v. Costa · Katuria E. Smith v. Tyson Marsh
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 15 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]o create a genuine dispute of material fact on pretext, a speaker of discriminatory statements need not be the final decision maker of an employment decision.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Miller v. Zinke“Direct evidence, which standing alone can defeat summary judgment, must be evidence directly tied to the adverse employment decision.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]here is some question whether that distinction for circumstantial evidence is valid”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Miller v. Zinke
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.