United States v. Valez’s Empirical Analysis
796 F.2d 24 · 1986
Citation profile
25 federal appellate · 6 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 58 later decisions — most recently September 2018 · most notably Savino v. City of New York (2003), Zellner v. Summerlin (2007)
25 federal appellate · 6 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Hill v. California · United States v. Canieso · United States v. Fisher · United States v. Glover
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 58 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“facts known to some [other] members of the police force which exonerate an arrestee.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Given [the describing officer’s] detailed description of the seller’s clothing, his failure to mention that the seller was cleanshaven does not constitute an unreasonable oversight. Nor do we believe that [the arresting officer] should have inferred from [the describing officer’s] silence on this matter that the seller was in fact cleanshaven. For instance, [the arresting officer] had no way of knowing whether [the describing officer’s] silence was purposeful or whether it meant that [the describing officer] did not get a good look at the seller’s face. Moreover, as the district judge noted, the police may justifiably place little reliance on the presence or absence of facial hair on a suspect who otherwise matches a description because facial hair may be worn or taken off as a disguise. Id. at 26-27 .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“the arrest is valid under the fourth amendment if the police have probable cause to arrest the person sought, and the arresting officer reasonably believed that the arrestee was that person.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.