Toombs v. Bell’s Empirical Analysis
798 F.2d 297 · 1986
Citation profile
9 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 35 later decisions — most recently February 2008 · most notably Johnson-El v. Schoemehl (1989), Brown v. District of Columbia (2008)
9 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1331 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Conley v. Gibson · Estelle v. Gamble · Haines v. Kerner · Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Weintraub · Cummings v. Roberts
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 35 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“appears beyond a reasonable doubt that plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Malek v. Camp
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.