Rangel v. Morales’s Empirical Analysis
8 F.3d 242 · 1993
Citation profile
13 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 25 later decisions — most recently June 2022 · most notably National Ass'n for the Advancement of Colored People, Inc. (NAACP) v. City of Niagara Falls (1995), Clark v. Calhoun County (1994)
13 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1291 · 28 U.S.C. § 1292 · 42 U.S.C. § 1973 (§ 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965)
Relies on Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · Thornburg v. Gingles · United Transportation Union v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority · Johnson v. Mississippi · East Carroll Parish School Board v. Marshall
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 25 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the exogenous character of . . . elections does not render them nonprobative . . . .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The amount of white bloc voting that can generally “minimize or cancel” black voters’ ability to elect representatives of their choice, however, will vary from district to district according to a number of factors, including the nature of the allegedly dilutive electoral mechanism; the presence or absence of other potentially dilutive electoral devices, such as majority vote requirements, designated posts, and prohibitions against bullet voting; the percentage of registered voters in the district who are members of the minority group; the size of the district; and in multimember districts, the number of seats open and the number of candidates in the field.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“the white majority votes sufficiently as a bloc to enable it-in the absence of special circumstances-usually to defeat the minority preferred candidate.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.