8 U.S.C. § 1644
Section 1644 · Communication between State and local government agencies and Immigration and Naturalization Service
This is § 434 of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
Amended 1 time on record
Applied in 15 court decisions — leading case Arizona v. United States (2012)
Most recently applied in City & County of San Francisco v. Merrick Garland (July 2022)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, no State or local government entity may be prohibited, or in any way restricted, from sending to or receiving from the Immigration and Naturalization Service information regarding the immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of an alien in the United States.