8 Va. App. 400 - Kauffmann v. Commonwealth’s Empirical Analysis
1989
Citation profile
110 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 111 later decisions — most recently May 2020 · most notably 14 Va. App. 173 - Hanson v. Commonwealth (1992), 13 Va. App. 549 - Wilson v. Commonwealth (1992)
110 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Colorado v. Connelly · Malloy v. Hogan · Oregon v. Elstad · Oregon v. Mathiason
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 111 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[I]n order for one crime to be a lesser included offense of another crime, every commission of the greater offense must also be a commission of the lesser offense.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“[i]t is well established that the choice of offenses for which a criminal defendant will be charged is within the discretion of the Commonwealth's Attorney.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Barrett v. Com. · In Re Horan“The difference between aggravated sexual battery and sexual battery is the age of the victim. Sexual abuse of a child at least thirteen but less than fifteen years of age when against the will of the victim by force, threat or intimidation is, by definition, aggravated sexual battery. Since the evidence would not support a finding that [the victim]' was not between thirteen and fifteen years of age, it being uncontradicted that she was fourteen, a sexual battery instruction would have been inappropriate in this case.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.