United States v. Reed’s Empirical Analysis
80 F.3d 1419 · 1996
Citation profile
33 federal appellate · 2 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 60 later decisions — most recently November 2022 · most notably United States of America v. Vasak Sarkisian (1999), United States of America v. Bill Lawrence (1999)
33 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 3663 · 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act)
Relies on Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · Concrete Pipe & Products of Cal., Inc. v. Construction Laborers Pension Trust for Southern Cal. · Hughey v. United States · Toti v. United States · United Transportation Union v. Taylor
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 60 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[f]or purposes of restitution, a victim of an offense that involves as an element a scheme, a conspiracy, or a pattern of criminal activity means any person directly harmed by the defendant's criminal conduct in the course of the scheme, conspiracy, or pattern.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]f someone is convicted of a conspiracy, the court can order restitution for damage resulting from any conduct that was part of the conspiracy and not just from specific conduct that met the overt act requirement of the conspiracy conviction.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]he 1990 amendment was intended to overrule Hughey as interpreted by cases such as ... Sharp ....”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.