Zatler v. Wainwright’s Empirical Analysis
802 F.2d 397 · 1986
Citation profile
48 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 128 later decisions — most recently June 2022 · most notably Meade v. Grubbs (1988), Marsh v. Butler County (2001)
48 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Estelle v. Gamble · Edelman v. Jordan · Bonner v. City of Prichard · Quern v. Jordan · Trop v. Dulles
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 128 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[p]ersonal participation ... is only one of several ways to establish the requisite causal connection.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“it is clear that the inquiry into causation must be a directed one, focusing on the duties and responsibilities of each of the individual defendants whose acts or omissions are alleged to have resulted in a constitutional deprivation.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[A]ny alleged failure to adopt adequate policies for inmate protection must amount to a breach of [defendant's] duty and must evidence reckless disregard or deliberate indifference to [plaintiff's] constitutional rights.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.