Germane v. Heckler’s Empirical Analysis
804 F.2d 366 · 1986
Citation profile
23 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 32 later decisions — most recently September 2004 · most notably Williams v. Williams Electronics, Inc. (1988), North v. Madison Area Ass'n for Retarded Citizens-Developmental Centers Corp. (1988)
23 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 706 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 5 U.S.C. § 552A (§ 3 of the Privacy Act of 1974)
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine · Batson v. Kentucky · Carlson v. Green · Bush v. Lucas
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 32 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the ultimate inquiry in a Title VII disparate treatment claim is whether a discriminatory intent was a 'but for' cause of the adverse action.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“hard to imagine a record that demonstrates a more informed or voluntary consent to trial before a magistrate”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Ortiz v. Page N
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.