Mullins v. Cyranek’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

5 federal appellate · 1 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 44 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “Qualified immunity provides [officials] 'breathing room to make reasonable but mistaken judgments and protects all but the plainly incompetent or those who knowingly violate the law.'”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Powell v. Fugate · 345 F. Supp. 3d 855 - Kesterson v. Kent State Univ.

2. “'if [officials] of reasonable competence could disagree on the issue.'”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Stevens-Rucker v. City of Columbus · 345 F. Supp. 3d 855 - Kesterson v. Kent State Univ.

3. “In excessive force cases, the threat factor is 'a minimum requirement for the use of deadly force,' meaning deadly force 'may be used only if the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a threat of severe physical harm.' " Mullins v. Cyranek , 805 F.3d 760 , 766 (6th Cir. 2015) (quoting Untalan v. City of Lorain , 430 F.3d 312 , 314 (6th Cir. 2005) ). While "[a] suspect need not be armed to pose an imminent threat to an officer's safety,”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Jacobs v. Alam