French v. Shoemaker’s Empirical Analysis
81 U.S. 314 · 1871
Citation profile
29 federal appellate · 2 district · 23 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 82 later decisions (8 by the Supreme Court) — most recently February 2003 · most notably Heckman v. United States (1912), Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway Co. v. Babcock (1907)
29 federal appellate · 2 district · 23 state decisions — followed in 11 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Ballard
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 82 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“consent ... is the essence of every valid contract”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““Duress, in its more extensive sense, is that degree of constraint or danger, either actually inflicted or threatened and impending, which is sufficient in severity or in apprehension to overcome the mind and will of a person of ordinary firmness.” (p. 149.)”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Evans v. Aylward““ * * * contracts procured by threats of battery to the person or the destruction of property, may be avoided on the ground of duress, because in such a case there is nothing but the form of a contract, without the substance.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.