Jackson v. Pantazes’s Empirical Analysis
810 F.2d 426 · 1987
Citation profile
15 federal appellate · 7 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 39 later decisions — most recently March 2017 · most notably United States v. Reese (1993), No. 93-4122 (1995)
15 federal appellate · 7 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 242 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Adickes v. S. H. Kress & Co. · Monroe v. Pape · Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Co. · Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority · United States v. Price
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 39 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““First, the deprivation must be caused by the exercise of some right or privilege created by the state or by a rule of conduct imposed by the state or by a person for whom the state is responsible ____ Second, the party charged with the deprivation must be a person who may fairly be said to be a state actor. This may be because he is a state official, because he has acted together with or has obtained significant aid from state officials, or because his conduct is otherwise chargeable to the state.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Roush v. Roush · No. 93-4122“[B]oth parts of the Lugar test are satisfied where the nature of the relationship between the state and private actors is one of interdependence, or “symbiosis.” In this ease, the symbiotic relationship between bail bondsmen and the Maryland criminal court system suffices to render Pantazes’ conduct state action. Bondsmen depend, for their livelihood, upon the judicial use of a bail bond system, and they are licensed by the state. In return, bondsmen facilitate the pretrial release of accused persons, monitor their whereabouts and retrieve them for trial.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“in cases where a private party and a public official act jointly to produce the constitutional violation, both parts of the Lugar test are simultaneously satisfied”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Proffitt v. Ridgway
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.