United States v. Wajda’s Empirical Analysis
810 F.2d 754 · 1987
Citation profile
94 federal appellate · 11 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 121 later decisions — most recently February 2020 · most notably United States v. Matra (1988), United States v. O'Connell (1988)
94 federal appellate · 11 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Illinois v. Gates · United States v. Leon · Franks v. Delaware · Beck v. State of Ohio · Raphan v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 121 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The substantiality requirement is not lightly met.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Probable cause exists to make a warrant-less arrest when, at the moment of the arrest, the collective knowledge of the officers involved, United States v. Briley, 726 F.2d 1301 , 1305 (8th Cir.1984), was “sufficient to warrant a prudent man in believing that the [defendant] had committed or was committing an offense.” Beck v. Ohio, 379 U.S. 89 , 91, 85 S.Ct. 223 , 225, 13 L.Ed.2d 142 (1964).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[w]hen reviewing for sufficiency, we examine the evidence in the light most favorable to the government, giving it the benefit of all reasonable inferences. We reverse only if we conclude that a reasonable fact-finder must have entertained a reasonable doubt about the government’s proof of one of the offense’s essential elements.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.