United States v. Bales’s Empirical Analysis
813 F.2d 1289 · 1987
Citation profile
82 federal appellate · 3 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 149 later decisions — most recently March 2023 · most notably United States v. Custis (1993), Cray Communications, Inc. v. Novatel Computer System, Inc. (1994)
82 federal appellate · 3 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1014 · 18 U.S.C. § 1344 · 18 U.S.C. § 3664 · 42 U.S.C. § 408 (§ 208 of the Social Security Act of 1935)
Relies on Illinois v. Gates · Blockburger v. United States · United States v. Leon · Wisconsin v. Yoder · Albernaz v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 149 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(a) the evidence must be, in fact, newly discovered, i.e., discovered since the trial; (b) facts must be alleged from which the court may infer diligence on the part of the movant; (c) the evidence relied on must not be merely cumulative or impeaching; (d) it must be material to the issues involved; and (e) it must be such, and of such nature, as that, on a new trial, the newly discovered evidence would probably produce an acquittal.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[f]raudulent intent 'may be established by circumstantial evidence and by inferences deduced from facts and situations.'”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“federally chartered or insured financial institution”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.