United States v. Gibbs’s Empirical Analysis
813 F.2d 596 · 1987
Citation profile
58 federal appellate · 3 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 89 later decisions — most recently September 2012 · most notably United States of America v. Marion Promise (2001), United States v. Moreno (89-1150/1208) (1990)
58 federal appellate · 3 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 659 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 845 · 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Santobello v. New York · Ohio v. Roberts · Vandygriff v. Phillips · Hannahville Indian Community v. United States · Russell v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 89 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(a) Except as authorized by this subchapter, it shall be unlawful for any person knowingly or intentionally— (1) to manufacture, distribute, or dispense, or possess with intent to manufacture, distribute or dispense, a controlled substance;”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[A] statutory change which takes effect during the existence of an ongoing conspiracy will subject members of that conspiracy to the later enactment.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the imposition of a law which purports to make innocent acts criminal after their event, or to aggravate an offense by altering the amount of punishment imposed for its commission, after the fact, to the disadvantage of the accused.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.