Kashani v. Purdue University’s Empirical Analysis
813 F.2d 843 · 1987
Citation profile
37 federal appellate · 4 district · 15 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 124 later decisions — most recently January 2023 · most notably Committee for the First Amendment v. Campbell (1992), Baxter ex rel. Baxter v. Vigo County School Corp. (1994)
37 federal appellate · 4 district · 15 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Ex Parte: Edward T Young · Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle · Edelman v. Jordan · Quern v. Jordan · Sloan v. Hicks
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 124 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“If a judgment were awarded against Purdue, the state treasury would not write out a check to Kashani. But in view of the fact that Purdue is by design dependent on state appropriations, which are evidently carefully geared through close oversight to meet the changing financial needs of the university, it is apparent that the payment would directly affect the state treasury.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage““[Although local school corporations receive a significant amount of state funding, they also have the power to levy taxes, to issue bonds, and to pay their own judgments,” and thus they “possess[ ] the degree of financial autonomy which ... supports] a determination that a school corporation [i]s not an arm of the state for purposes of Eleventh Amendment immunity” (citing Ind.Code § 20-4-1-26.9; Ind.Code § 20-5-2-2(13); Ind.Code § 20-5-4-1; Ind.Code § 20-5-2-2); “the definition of ‘school corporation’ includes ‘any school city, school town, school township, consolidated school corporation, metropolitan school district, township school corporation, county school corporation, united school corporation, or any community school corporation” 6 (quoting Ind.Code § 20-6.1-1-5); the Budget Agency Act “expressly excludes ‘cities, towns, townships, school cities, school towns, school townships, school districts, [and] other municipal corporations or political subdivisions of the state’ from the definition of a state agency’ ” (quoting Ind.Code § 4-12-1-2); “the Tort Claims Act provides that a ‘school corporation’ is a ‘political subdivision’ ” (quoting Ind.Code § 34-4-16.5-2); 7 “an Indiana school corporation has express statutory authority ‘to sue and be sued and to enter into contracts’ ” (quoting Ind.Code § 20-5 — 2—2(1)); the local school corporation “is but one of many local school corporations in Indiana”; “Indiana has recently shifted its emphasis from centralized state control”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“the extend of state funding, the state's oversight and control of the university's fiscal affairs, the university's ability independently to raise funds, whether the state taxes the university, and whether a judgment against the university would result in the state increasing its appropriations to the university.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.