Palmer v. Shultz’s Empirical Analysis
815 F.2d 84 · 1987
Citation profile
56 federal appellate · 43 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 141 later decisions — most recently November 2022 · most notably Regina C. Brown, v. Kenneth D. Brody, Chairman, Export-Import Bank of the United States, (1999), United States of America, v. Microsoft Corporation, (2001)
56 federal appellate · 43 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 22 U.S.C. § 3904 · 22 U.S.C. § 3905 · 22 U.S.C. § 3946 · 22 U.S.C. § 3963 · 28 U.S.C. § 292 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 717 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson · Griggs v. Duke Power Co. · Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 141 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“there may be a few instances in which the relevance of a factor... is so obvious that the defendants, by merely pointing out its omission, can defeat the inference of discrimination created by the plaintiffs' statistics.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“declare[d] simply that many factors go into making up an individual employee's salary [but] made no attempt ... statistical or otherwise--to demonstrate that when these factors were properly organized and accounted for there was no significant disparity between the salaries of blacks and whites.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[i]mplicit in the Bazemore holding is the principle that a mere conjecture or assertion ... that some missing factor would explain the existing disparities ... generally cannot defeat the inference of discrimination created by ... statistics.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.