Lowenfield v. Phelps’s Empirical Analysis
817 F.2d 285 · 1987
Citation profile
48 federal appellate · 1 district · 22 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 94 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently November 2024 · most notably Lowenfield v. Phelps (1988), United States v. McVeigh (1998)
48 federal appellate · 1 district · 22 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 4241
Relies on Strickland v. Washington · Jackson v. Virginia · Simmons v. United States · Stovall v. Denno · Gregg v. Georgia
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 94 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[f]irst degree murder is the killing of a human being when the offender has a specific intent to kill or to inflict great bodily harm.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. Rault v. Butler · James v. Butler“knowingly creat[ing] a risk of death or great bodily harm to more than one person.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“set the stage for an argument that others were implicated in the murders”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.