Klugh’s Empirical Analysis
Citation profile
1 federal appellate · 7 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 20 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2025
1 federal appellate · 7 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Kubrick · Block v. North Dakota Board of University and School Lands North Dakota Board of University and School Lands · United States v. Mottaz · McArthur v. Scott · Hardy v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 20 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The doctrine of virtual representation does not authorize application of a bar to relitigation of a claim by a nonparty to the original judgment where the ... parties to the first suit are nor accountable to the nonparties who file a subsequent suit. In addition, a party acting as a virtual representative for a nonparty must do so with at least the tacit approval of the court.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“[t]he doctrine of virtual representation is recognized by federal and state law alike in this case”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.