United States v. Lima’s Empirical Analysis
819 F.2d 687 · 1987
Citation profile
46 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 56 later decisions — most recently February 2018 · most notably United States v. Sophie (1990), United States v. Edwards (1989)
46 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Illinois v. Gates · Wong Sun v. United States · Beck v. State of Ohio · Sibron v. State of New York Peters · Local 408, International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. National Labor Relations Board
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 56 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[P]robable cause requires only a probability or substantial chance of criminal activity, not an actual showing of such activity.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the facts and circumstances within their knowledge of which they have trustworthy information [are] sufficient to warrant a prudent [person] in believing that the [suspect] had committed or was committing an offense.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[w]hile mere presence at the scene of a crime is not enough to establish probable cause, ... it is generally accepted that 'flight can be strong evidence of guilt.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.