State v. Dudley’s Empirical Analysis
1991
Citation profile
1 federal appellate · 16 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 17 later decisions — most recently May 2015
1 federal appellate · 16 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Illinois v. Gates · United States v. Leon · United States v. Ventresca · United States v. Harris · Bowsher v. Merck & Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 17 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““Observations of fellow officers of the Government engaged in a common investigation are plainly a reliable basis for a warrant applied for by one of their number.” United States v. Ventresca, 380 U.S. 102, 111 , 85 S.Ct. 741, 747 , 13 L.Ed.2d 684, 690 (1965). Professor La-Fave has observed, “Following the lead of Ventresca , lower courts have consistently held that another law enforcement officer is a reliable source and that consequently no special showing of reliability need be made as a part of the probable cause determination.” 2 W. LaFave, Search and Seizure: A Treatise on the Fourth Amendment § 3.5(a), at 4 (2d ed.1987). See, e.g., United States v. Griffin, 827 F.2d 1108, 1112 (7th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 909 , 108 S.Ct. 1085 , 99 L.Ed.2d 243 (1988); United States v. May, 819 F.2d 531, 536 (5th Cir.1987); [United States v. Flynn, 664 F.2d 1296, 1302-03 (5th Cir.1982) ]; United States v. Beusch, 596 F.2d 871, 874 (9th Cir.1979); State v. Morrill, 205 Conn. 560 , 534 A.2d 1165, 1170 (1987); Caffo v. State, 247 Ga. 751 , 279 S.E.2d 678, 681 (1981); State v. Alger, 100 Idaho 675 , 603 P.2d 1009, 1013 (1979).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Baker · State v. Williams“[t]he ordinary citizen who has never before reported a crime to the police may, in fact, be more reliable than one who supplies information on a regular basis. “The latter is likely to be someone who is himself involved in criminal activity or is, at least, someone who enjoys the confidence of criminals.””
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Meyers“more deserving of a presumption of reliability than [information provided by] informants from `the criminal milieu.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Baker
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.