Shanahan v. City of Chicago’s Empirical Analysis
82 F.3d 776 · 1996
Citation profile
36 federal appellate · 21 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 150 later decisions — most recently May 2025 · most notably Gilmour v. Gates, McDonald & Co. (2004), Insolia v. Philip Morris Inc. (2000)
36 federal appellate · 21 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle · Craig v. Boren · Eisenstadt v. Baird · Gregory Lumber Co. v. United States · Morrison v. Olson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 150 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A plaintiff may not amend his complaint through arguments in his brief in opposition to a motion for summary judgment.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.