¶1The complainant commenced summary proceedings before a circuit court commissioner to recover possession of the N.'W. £ of the N. E. £ of section 18, in the township of Sumner, Gratiot county, Michigan, where he had judgment. The defendant appealed the case to the circuit court, where a trial was had before the judge without a jury. No special finding was asked, and none was made. A judgment was rendered in favor of the defendant. A bill of exceptions was thereupon settled, and the case brought to this Court by writ of error.
¶2The complainant claims title through an execution sale made on a judgment recovered by him against Jeremiah A. Sprague, for $179.04 damages, and $22.94 costs. The execution levy was made on September 8, 1887; the premises were sold on November 5, following, and bid in by complainant, to whom the sheriff gave his certificate of sale, presumably bearing the same date. On February 11, 1889, the premises not being redeemed, the sheriff *645made and delivered his deed to the complainant as such purchaser, according to the statute.
¶3The defendant claims title by mesne conveyance from Edwin A. Sprague, a son of Jeremiah Sprague, who, it is claimed by the defendant, was the real owner of the land in question, and 'in the actual possession of the same, at the time of complainant's levy, and defendant claims a right to the land by paramount title to that of complainant, under the following circumstances:
¶4It is claimed that on March 21, 1887, Jeremiah A. •Sprague, being the owner of the land, sold and undertook to convey the same to his son Edwin A. Sprague, but that, by mistake he conveyed to him the N. E. ¿ of the N. E. ¿, which he did not own, instead of the N. W. i of the N. E. that at the time of such conveyance Jeremiah and his son Edwin were living on the land, but that some time after Jeremiah, who had been a widower, remarried, and went to live with his wife on another piece of land, leaving his son Edwin and his family in possession of the land in question. The mistake in the deed of March 21, was not discovered until after complainant's levy of September 8. On September 19, Jeremiah executed a quitclaim deed to Edwin, which contained this clause:
“This deed is executed to perfect the title of Edwin A. Sprague to the lands described herein, which lands were supposed and intended between the parties to have been conveyed by deed dated March 21, 1887, and recorded in liber 67, page 468.''
¶5On February 18, 1888, Edwin A. Sprague conveyed the premises in question to Sarah Paddock. On March 3, 1888, Sarah Paddock conveyed to M. Y. Smith, and on January 23, 1888, M. Y. Smith conveyed the premises by warranty deed to the defendant.
¶6It will be noticed that the deed from M. V. Smith to *646defendant was prior to the conveyance from Sprague to-Paddock, and from Paddock to M. V. Smith. This is accounted for by the fact .that on September 13, 1887, Edwin A. Sprague had conveyed the premises in question to one Samuel T. Morgan. After the execution of this deed, Edwin A. Sprague refused to give possession under it, or to recognize it, claiming that it had been procured by fraud. Morgan, however, on September 16, 1887, conveyed an undivided half interest in the land to M. V. Smith, and . the latter appears to have purchased in the Paddock title as a means of protecting himself against the warranty contained in his deed to the defendant. Defendant paid Smith for the W. of the N. E. |- $2,200, and defendent claims that it was agreed that he should take the premises subject to a $1,200 mortgage on them, and the taxes of 1887-88, and that Smith should procure a release of complainant's levy on the north 40.. Under this arrangement the deed was not delivered on January 23, 1888, but was deposited in a bank, until Smith should procure such a release, when it was to be delivered. Afterwards, and on January 28, 1888, Smith and defendant entered into a different arrangement, whereby Smith agreed to indemnify defendant against the-levy by executing to the defendant a mortgage on certain lands in Midland county, conditioned that Smith should procure a release and discharge of the levy within one year from that date. Defendant claims that, at the time the deed was deposited in the bank, it contained no mention of the levy, but after the execution of the mortgage by Smith to defendant, and before the deed was delivered, Smith wro'te in the deed, as a limitation upon the covenants against incumbrances therein, the words: “Except a certain levy filed September 8, 1887." But defendant says that it was not intended or agreed between himself and Smith that he should take said *647premises subject to the levy, or that he was obligated to pay it off.
¶7On the trial in the circuit court, the evidence of the defendant in regard to the circumstances under which the deed from Smith to him was executed and delivered, and the clause concerning the levy inserted, was objected to by complainant upon the ground that the defendant was estopped by the terms of his deed to deny that the levy was binding upon him. But the evidence was received, and the complainant excepted. At the conclusion of the testimony, the defendant’s counsel requested the court to dismiss the case, for the reason that the evidence disclosed that the defendant did not hold the premises in question under the complainant, but held then adversely to the complainant, and by title adverse, hostile, and paramount, and. that such title could not be litigated in this action. The circuit judge held in accordance with this view.
¶8The judgment of the circuit judge was right. Whatever may be the fact, each party claims to have the paramount title derived from Jeremiah Sprague. Such claims are hostile and adverse, and cannot be tried under How. Stat. § 8295, providing for summary proceedings. Complainant’s counsel claim that defendant is estopped, by the recital in his deed, to make the defense of paramount title. But this inquiry involves of itself the trial of a question of title, which is not cognizable by a circuit court commissioner in these proceedings.
¶9It follows that the judgment of the circuit court must be affirmed, with the costs of all the courts to the defendant.