Powers v. Lightner’s Empirical Analysis
820 F.2d 818 · 1987
Citation profile
20 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 42 later decisions — most recently May 2012 · most notably Rakovich v. Wade (1988), Cornfield Lewis v. Consolidated High School District No (1993)
20 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Stanley v. Illinois · United States v. Russell · Davis v. Scherer
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 42 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“)). Nonetheless, ”[c]losely analogous cases, those decided before the defendants acted or failed to act, are required to find that a constitutional right is clearly established.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“[T]he Government's role * * * in the undercover operation * * * had to be kept absolutely secret to preserve the sting's success.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“[i]n the absence of binding precedent, a court should look to whatever deci-sional law is available to ascertain whether the law is clearly established under Harlow.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.