United States v. Porter’s Empirical Analysis
821 F.2d 968 · 1987
Citation profile
126 federal appellate · 6 district · 22 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 216 later decisions — most recently December 2025 · most notably United States v. Natanel (1991), United States v. Innamorati (1993)
126 federal appellate · 6 district · 22 state decisions — followed in 13 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1952 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 843 (§ 403 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 848 (§ 408 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Holland v. United States · United States v. Lane · Garrett v. United States · Jeffers v. United States · United States v. Phillips
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 216 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“No prejudice exists if the jury could make individual guilt determinations by following the court's cautionary instructions, appraising the independent evidence against each defendant”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage“if they are alleged to have participated in the same act or transaction or in the same series of acts or transactions constituting an offense or offenses.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage“Congress did not intend that an individual be punished under both Sec. 846 (conspiracy) and Sec. 848 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise).”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.