Eades v. Thompson’s Empirical Analysis
823 F.2d 1055 · 1987
Citation profile
14 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 32 later decisions — most recently February 2025 · most notably Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. v. SciMed Life Systems, Inc. (1993), Snider v. Melindez (1999)
14 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Conley v. Gibson · Estelle v. Gamble · Foman v. Davis · Gregg v. Georgia · Wilson v. Garcia
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 32 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““If the underlying facts or circumstances relied upon by a plaintiff may be a proper subject of relief, he ought to be afforded an opportunity to test his claim on the merits. In the absence of any apparent or declared reason ... the leave [to amend] should, as the rules require, be ‘freely given.’””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“district court has no authority to dismiss a complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted without giving the plaintiff an opportunity to be heard.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Perez v. Ortiz“Sua sponte dismissals without prior notice or an opportunity to be heard on the issues underlying the dismissal * * * 'generally may be considered hazardous.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Perez v. Ortiz
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.