William Duane Elledge v. Richard L. Dugger’s Empirical Analysis
823 F.2d 1439 · 1987
Citation profile
73 federal appellate · 4 district · 50 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 176 later decisions — most recently February 2021 · most notably Chandler v. United States (2000), Duckett v. Godinez (1995)
73 federal appellate · 4 district · 50 state decisions — followed in 17 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Strickland v. Washington · Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Bonner v. City of Prichard · Lockett v. Ohio · Illinois v. Allen
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 176 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Reasonably effective representation cannot and does not include a requirement to make arguments based on predictions of how the law may develop.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(a) that it was professionally unreasonable for counsel not to investigate; (b) what kind of, and how much, investigation an ordinary, reasonable lawyer would have undertaken; (c) that it is reasonably probable that a reasonable investigation would have turned up an expert who would have presented testimony similar to that which was eventually adduced; and (d) that it is reasonably probable that this testimony would have affected the sentence eventually imposed.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“indulge a strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.