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825 So. 2d 490

Docket No. 5D01-3273.

Elozar v. State

Tony ELOZAR, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.

District Court of Appeal of Florida

Decided August 30, 2002.

District Court of Appeal of Florida · decided 2002-08-30

Cited by 8 later decisions — most recently December 2009

8 state decisions

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

“the only confinement involved is the sort that, though not necessary to the underlying felony, is likely to naturally accompany it.”

quoted by 2 later decisions, including 931 So. 2d 967 - Frederick v. State, 942 So. 2d 1010 - Cole v. State

“free to come out when the armed robbers left the premises”

quoted by 1 later decision, including 939 So. 2d 1095 - Gray v. State

Relies on 426 So. 2d 963 - Faison v. State · 634 So. 2d 153 - Sirmons v. State · Berry v. State

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 2002-08-30

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

¶1*491 James B. Gibson, Public Defender, and Anne Moorman Reeves, Assistant Public Defender, Daytona Beach, for Appellant.

¶2Robert A. Butterworth, Attorney General, Tallahassee, and Robin A. Compton, Assistant Attorney General, Daytona Beach, for Appellee.

¶3COBB, J.

¶4Elozar was convicted of two counts of robbery, three counts of kidnapping, grand theft, and possession and improper exhibition of a firearm. He raises several points on appeal and we agree that the kidnapping convictions and the grand theft conviction must be reversed.

¶5Elozar was one of three culprits who robbed a pawn shop. During the course of the robbery the manager, together with two other employees and two customers, were forced into an open safe and remained there until the robbers left. It was this confinement which gave rise to the kidnapping charges against Elozar.

¶6On appeal Elozar argues that kidnapping is the "confining, abducting, or imprisoning" of another person with intent to "commit or facilitate commission of any felony." See § 787.01(1)(a), Fla. Stat. (2001). Faison v. State,426 So.2d 963 (Fla.1983) established that confinement to facilitate another crime (e.g., robbery) can be kidnapping if it (a) is not slight, inconsequential, and merely incidental to the other crime; (b) is not inherent in the nature of the other crime; and (c) has some significance independent of the other crime that makes the crime easier to commit or substantially lessens the risk of detection. In the subsequent case of Berry v. State,668 So.2d 967 (Fla.1996), the court construed the terminology of "slight, inconsequential, and merely incidental" to mean confinement that, while not necessary to the underlying felony, is "likely to naturally accompany it." Simply moving victims at gunpoint from one room to another during the course of a robbery, such confinement ceasing when the robber leaves, does not constitute kidnapping. Berry,668 So.2d at 969. See also Formor v. State,676 So.2d 1013 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996)(no kidnapping where victims ordered onto floor, then into bathroom, at gunpoint). Cf. Hankerson v. State,717 So.2d 143 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998)(kidnapping conviction appropriate where victim was locked in back room).

¶7In the instant case the employees and customers were forced into an open safe, and were free to come out when the armed robbers left the premises. These facts, pursuant to the applicable case law set out above, simply do not sustain kidnapping convictions.

¶8In respect to Elozar's conviction and sentence for grand theft of the same property, taken at the same time as that which served as the basis for his robbery convictions and sentences, the state concedes error based upon principles of double jeopardy. See Sirmons v. State,634 So.2d 153 (Fla.1994); Sessler v. State,740 So.2d 587 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999).

¶9We find no merit in Elozar's remaining points. Hence, we reverse his kidnapping convictions and sentences and his conviction and sentence for grand theft, and affirm his remaining convictions.

¶10AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART; AND REMANDED FOR RESENTENCING.

¶11PLEUS and PALMER, JJ., concur.

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