United States v. Biaggi’s Empirical Analysis
828 F.2d 110 · 1987
Citation profile
57 federal appellate · 12 district · 15 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 161 later decisions — most recently January 2023 · most notably Huminski v. Corsones (2004), United States v. Amodeo (1995)
57 federal appellate · 12 district · 15 state decisions — followed in 11 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2510 (Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986) · 18 U.S.C. § 2511 (Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986) · 28 U.S.C. § 2518
Relies on Cohen v. Beneficial Industrial Loan Corp. · Waller v. Georgia · Press-Enterprise Company v. Superior Court of California Riverside County · Press-Enterprise Company v. Superior Court of California for County of Riverside · Gelbard v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 161 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'if specific, on the record findings are made demonstrating that closure is essential to preserve higher values and is narrowly tailored to serve that interest.'”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage“[t]he privacy interests of innocent third parties ... should weigh heavily in a court's balancing equation”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage“[W]here a qualified First Amendment right of access exists, it is not enough simply to cite Title III. Obviously, a statute cannot override a constitutional right.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.