Toolate v. Borg’s Empirical Analysis
828 F.2d 571 · 1987
Citation profile
21 federal appellate · 1 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 37 later decisions — most recently July 2018 · most notably United States v. Arambula-Ruiz (1993), United States of America v. Ralph Pena-Gutierrez (2000)
21 federal appellate · 1 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Bruton v. United States · Delaware v. Van Arsdall · Jackson v. Denno · Frazier v. Cupp · California v. Civil Aeronautics Board
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 37 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A Confrontation Clause violation does not require reversal if the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the presumed inability of juries to disregard an incriminatory codefendant's confession”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“in-court confessions are no less credible or powerful as a rule than out-of-court ones.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.