Kurtz v. Baker’s Empirical Analysis
829 F.2d 1133 · 1987
Citation profile
15 federal appellate · 5 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 33 later decisions — most recently June 2019 · most notably Chamber of Commerce v. Environmental Protection Agency (2011), Grocery Manufacturers Ass'n v. Environmental Protection Agency (2012)
15 federal appellate · 5 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Warth v. Seldin · Baker v. Carr · Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc. · Allen v. Wright · Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 33 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“I find no threshold blockage to Kurtz's claim against the chaplains and Treasury officers by reason of the Speech or Debate Clause. While inspirational, prayer in Congress does not appear to be 'integral to lawmaking.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Barker v. Conroy · Barker v. Conroy“because (1) there [was] no allegation that the chaplains had discretion to grant [his] requests, and (2) such an allegation would in any event [have been] untenable.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Barker v. Conroy · Barker v. Conroy“personally would benefit in a tangible way from the court's intervention,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.