Costa v. Josey’s Empirical Analysis
1980
Citation profile
5 federal appellate · 12 district · 72 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 91 later decisions — most recently April 2014 · most notably People Express Airlines, Inc. v. Consolidated Rail Corp. (1985), Kolitch v. Lindedahl (1985)
5 federal appellate · 12 district · 72 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2680
Relies on Dalehite v. United States · Indian Towing Company v. United States · 69 Cal. 2d 782 - Johnson v. State of California · 6 Cal. 3d 424 - Baldwin v. State of California · Ruvolo v. American Casualty Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 91 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“subdivision (a) should be read in conjunction with the areas of protected discretion expressly outlined in subparagraphs (b), (c) and (d). All the subsections should be read consistently, each with respect to the subject of the others. These subparagraphs are signposts to understanding the nature of immunized discretionary determinations.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]he exemption contemplated under N.J.S.A. 59:2-3(a) concerns the `exercise of judgment or discretion' in making basic policy the type made at the planning, rather than the operational level of decisionmaking.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[a] public entity is not liable for an injury resulting from the exercise of judgment or discretion vested in the entity.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.