Specht v. Howard’s Empirical Analysis
83 U.S. 564 · 1872
Citation profile
32 federal appellate · 3 district · 24 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 83 later decisions (16 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 1999 · most notably Hopt v. People (1887), Burke v. Dulaney (1894)
32 federal appellate · 3 district · 24 state decisions — followed in 13 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 83 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““It is a firmly settled principle that parol evidence of an oral agreement, alleged to have been made at the time of the drawing, making, or indorsing of a bill or note, cannot be permitted to vary, qualify, or contradict, or add to or subtract from, the absolute terms of the written contract.””
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.