Francine Klingman v. Melvin E. Levinson’s Empirical Analysis
831 F.2d 1292 · 1987
Citation profile
36 federal appellate · 7 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 310 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently November 2023 · most notably Grogan v. Garner (1991), Gray v. Lacke (1989)
36 federal appellate · 7 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 11 U.S.C. § 523
Relies on Brown III v. Felsen · Benjamin v. United States · Griffin v. United States · Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance v. Russell · Gregg v. Rahm
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 310 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“1) the issue sought to be precluded must be the same as that involved in the prior action, 2) the issue must have been actually litigated, 3) the determination of the issue must have been essential to the final judgment, and 4) the party against whom estoppel is invoked must be fully represented in the prior action.”
24 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(a) A discharge ... does not discharge an individual debtor from any debt— (4) for fraud or defalcation while acting in a fiduciary capacity, ...”
13 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Where a state court determines factual questions using the same standards as the bankruptcy court would use, collateral estoppel should be applied to promote judicial economy by encouraging the parties to present their strongest arguments .... Thus, if the requirements for applying collateral estoppel have been satisfied, then that doctrine should apply to bar relitigation of an issue determined by a state court.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.